Tracheal intubation is an emergency treatment measure and routine clinical operation. It is usually performed by professionally trained doctors or anesthesiologists in the operating room, intensive care unit (ICU) or other medical environments. It is mainly used to establish an artificial airway to ensure safety. Ventilation of the patient. The following is an overview of the basic steps of tracheal intubation:

1. Preparation:

•Prepare the necessary items for tracheal intubation, including endotracheal tube of appropriate size, laryngoscope, stylet, suction device, oxygen source, syringe (for bolus injection of local anesthetic), dental pads, fixation straps, etc.

• Ensure that emergency equipment such as ventilators, ECG monitors, etc. are available.

• Assess the patient and select appropriate endotracheal tube size.

•Posture placement:

• The patient is usually placed in the supine position with a bolster placed under the head and neck so that the head is tilted back and the mandible is slightly elevated, thus keeping the mouth, throat and trachea as aligned as possible.

•Anesthesia and topical anesthesia:

• Spray or instill local anesthetic solution into the patient's throat to reduce discomfort and reflexes during intubation.

•Laryngoscope exposure of glottis:

• Slowly insert the left-hand laryngoscope along the back of the tongue, lift and advance the front end of the laryngoscope to the epiglottis cartilage, and gently lift the epiglottis to clearly expose the glottis.

•Inserting an endotracheal tube:

• Hold the endotracheal tube in your right hand and quickly and accurately advance the tube through the glottis into the trachea while inhaling.

• Remove the stylet inside the catheter and observe whether respiratory airflow escapes from the catheter port, indicating that it has entered the trachea.

•Confirm and fix:

• Use a stethoscope to monitor the symmetry of breath sounds on both sides of the chest to confirm that the tube is correctly inserted into the trachea and not the esophagus.

• Measure the depth of insertion of the tube into the trachea, and use tape or a special fixation device to secure the endotracheal tube and the dental brace to the face to ensure that the tube does not shift.

•To connect a respiratory support system:

•Connect a ventilator or provide oxygen delivery to ensure that the patient can ventilate normally.

During the entire process, medical staff must strictly abide by the aseptic operating procedures and be ready to deal with possible complications, such as cardiovascular reactions, pneumothorax, mistaken esophageal insertion, etc. In addition, it is strictly prohibited for non-professionals to attempt tracheal intubation without permission to avoid serious consequences.